Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen of Homer’s Odyssey

The Ideal Women of Homer’s Odyssey Ancient Greek society treated women as secondary citizens. Restrictions were placed on the social and domestic actions of many aristocratic women in ancient Athens. The women depicted in Homers Odyssey, on the other hand, are the ideal. Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen are all women with exceptional liberty and power. Before comparing the women of the Odyssey to those of Athens, it is beneficial to take a look into the lives of the latter. A respected woman was to have characteristics including obedience, virtue, refinement, productivity, honor, beauty, talent and intelligence (social consciousness). Sarah B. Pomeroy has studied this aspect of ancient life and†¦show more content†¦The mens quarters were on the lower level, called the andron (Pomeroy 30). This further prevented the women from making any contact with strange men, or men in general. There were far more restrictions placed on the women of the ancient world than on the men. To many, this may appear to be an obvious fact. However, the comparison of women to men in the Odyssey does not show such a discrepancy. The women created by Homer had certain characteristics that set them apart from ordinary women. Penelope was a woman who did not give in to the demands of her surroundings. She suffered throughout the twenty year absence of her husband, Odysseus. She maintained her dignity and her chastity through her refusal of the hoards of suitors that flocked to her home. Penelope represents the ideal woman for balancing her refusals of marriage and the preservation of her respect. When ready to address her suitors, Eurymachus, a suitor himself, speaks out from the crowd in praise of Penelope. He states, Ah, daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope . . . You surpass all women in build and beauty, refined and steady mind (18. 276,280). The acts of Penelope wo uld not have been allowed of an ordinary woman of those times. Her loyalty to Odysseus was unflagging and quite contrary to Clytaemestras loyalty, another character in the Odyssey, though she is never mentioned by name. Clytaemestra is the wife of Agamemnon. She, too must bid farewell to

Motivation Organization Business Research Method

Question: Discuss about the Motivation Organization for Business Research Method. Answer: Motivation has been the center point of every organizational success. It is a very important aspect of any organization where it can lead the organization to the highest level of success. It is the process of self-awareness of everyone's internal demand with the help of different actions. The ultimate output depends on the employees performance and the mental resources which are provided (Braksick, 2000). Here, the leader of the organization must come into play in big time. His/her dedication towards the organization can put a good impact upon the employees where he can set a good motivational example in front of the employees. According to Nikos Kazantzakis it can be said that to succeed we must first believe that we can. This can only be possible by motivation because it increases the inner strength of a man where he/she gains self-confidence which helps them to achieve a required goal more easily and efficiently (Elias, 2012). While giving an example of motivation, reward is the f irst thing that comes to mind. Everybody wants to be rewarded for what he/she is doing and the reward must be attractive enough. It should also be the center o attraction for the employees and by which they can carry forward their jobs keeping the best motivation in their mind. There are many kinds of rewards like money, performance feedback, promotional options etc. These are the facts which is always are there in the mind of every employee (Braksick, 2000). Financial rewards affect the employees in big time. However the other options of reward are there to motivate the employees. So they always look forward to achieve the higher posts of the organization which makes them do their part of the job more efficiently and this is where the dedication towards the job comes into play (Elias, 2012). Concept of motivation The study of motivation is mainly concerned with the fact that why people think and behave the way they naturally do their work. This concept can be influenced or can influence an organizational environment big time. There are many points of view by which a motivation can be described. By concerning the points forces, complex, drives tension needs and many other facts the concept of motivation can be made clear. Independent and dependent relationship among the employees and with the higher post holders can help the organization. Motivation is nothing but setting a good example in front of the employees which makes the path of achieving a given goal clear (Exploring the Concept of Focus in Reversal Theory, 2015). Moreover if any of the employees set a good example by doing brilliant individual performance then the other employees gain eagerness to improve their individual performance is well. This is a good motivational example. Concept of motivation includes two different forms of mo tivation such as intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation means that the motivation is performing a particular activity in order to experience the satisfaction and the pleasure. In todays competitive market this kind of motivation is very crucial, people need to keep going with the work and achieve the given goal. This motivation includes the fact of personal needs, self-motivation etc. A self-motivated person seeks to increase expectation as he or she likes to do the tasks well as the work expectation matches the skill of the employee, this is when the employee faces the situation which can challenge him/her and gets ready to complete the given goal with a fixed determination for he work (Falcone, 2009). Activity for development There are many ways by which the term motivation can be clarified. Also there are some issues which are the points of concern for a particular organization. By keeping all the employees in mind the leader of the company must go through every possible path to develop their capabilities. In many ways this can be done efficiently. One of them is development activity. The Developmental activity is the key point to develop an employee's capability. It requires proper coaching to do the needful. Here coaching doesn't mean the formal coaching; proper mentoring is required here. Here an employee must be treated as a personal partner rather than a formal student. This will help to develop an employees performance which will help the organization to achieve its required target in big time. There are some organizations that only focus on achieving the given goal; they dont even consider the employee developmental activities. Now this can lead the organization to few problems like the inefficien cy of the employees, delay of work, etc. but focusing on the employee development activity will increase the skills and self-confidence of the employees which will make the path of a goal very clear (Glaser and Walther, 2013). All the responsibilities of the development must be taken by the leader of the organization. He/she must be aware of the fact that the organization must not be limited to its resource of work. Now and then the limit has to be increased, and the employees should also be taught in the best way to make the view of the given job clear. In this way, the development of the employees can be done efficiently. Attitude and behavior of the employees Attitude and behavior are the two most important aspect of an organization as far as the employees are concerned. It is obvious that every employees are not of same category or dont have the same frame of mind. The difference of mentality, the difference of capability can put good or bad impacts upon the organization. So this has been the point of discuss in any organization, so it is the responsibility of the leader of any particular organization to maintain the perfect platform for any employee by which this has become the important aspect of an organization that how the employees of that particular organization is reacting and behaving against their given job (Glaser and Walther, 2013). Their efficient level must be satisfied by the given work. Otherwise, they can complain about it, or they can be in a problematic situation which can affect the organization big time. So to get the best result out of the employees, it should be very clear that the satisfactory level of the employee s must be reached. There is one more thing (Measuring food safety culture: Insights from onsite foodservice operations, 2013), the surroundings must be good enough to work, it means that the environment must be user-friendly, and the employees shouldn't be interrupted by external problems. They must be taught to be responsive enough which will increase their personal skill. It will affect the productivity of the organization (Gunkel, 2006). Theories of motivation An organization which has a hierarchical pyramid and a centrally based decision-making process is mainly based on several assumptions about human motivation and nature according to McGregor. These assumptions are called Theory X by McGregor. It mainly considers that most of the people of an organization want to be directed properly, they do not want to assume responsibilities and value safety above everything. This point mainly indicates that the employee of an organization is motivated by financial means and by the threat of punishment. Managers who are dealing with the irresponsible employees are likely to follow this philosophy where they are taught to take extreme control (III and Naquin, 2008). Nevertheless, there is doubt in Theory X's efficiency whether it can fulfill the required demand, especially in the field of our democratic society. McGregor himself has come to the conclusion that this theory is not efficient enough to work in the real world, as its assumption about human nature and activities are not always correct. Most of the organization who has worked based on this theory has failed to achieve the given goal in most of the cases. They have also failed to motivate their employees in this field because the employees are always concerned about their safety and physiological matters. The employees here always try to find excuses for not going to work which is affecting the organization badly. As a whole, this theory of motivation is nothing but a necessary evil (Max and Bacal, 2003). On the other hand Theory, Y can be considered as the best option in these circumstances. It focuses on creating a good environment for work; it also makes the surroundings better to work on aligning the individuals' goals with the goal of the organization. Here achieving a goal is very easy and as a result, the productivity and the outcomes are high. People here are glad enough to come to the work as the user-friendly environment is the key word of this theory. Employees here are conscious enough to do their works, and they are proven to be very creative also. Unlike the previous theory, this theory provides a perfect organizational environment where every employee gets their freedom of work. It motivates them big time to work sufficiently in extreme conditions also (Max and Bacal, 2003). The pressure of work is not a matter of concern here, as everything is handled tactfully over here. An employee can be turned into a self directed if he or she is motivated properly. Lion Pvt. Ltd. can be recommended to follow the correct motivational theory in the case of achieving higher success. Anyhow, it is not suggested here that Theory X is not sufficient enough, or Theory Y is good enough, it is the way you are representing your organization to employees. The pressure of work is everywhere; the reliability comes through the way you are taking care of it and the way you are making the employees motivated to their individual jobs. Moreover there are other theories which have described the term Motivation big time. According to Maslow, the employees have five different level of need like; safety, social, ego, physiological and self-actualizing (Natoli, 2004). The author has argued that the lower level needs had to be satisfied before going into the upper level. With this kind of indication it can believed that workers of any organization will be motivated to work and stay more longer in any organization if these needs are satisfied at various level of work. There is another conclusion that if an employee gains satisfaction by some moves in a particular level that move will not work to satisfy the same employee in another level. The previous mentioned specific needs are described here; concerning the part physiological needs include needs of food and shelter, the safety needs define the need for stable environment as well as relatively free from threats. The needs related to affectionate relations with the other member of the group can be defined as the love needs. The needs for self-respect, the esteem for others and self-esteem can be concluded as the esteem needs (Natoli, 2004). Last but not the least, the self-actualization need which can be described as the self-fulfillment. So these are the needs which is described briefly in this theory which can conclude the term motivation in a new specific way. Factors of Motivation There are loads of factors by which one can be motivated, the important and the most happening actor above all is money. Employees, who are working under an organization, want a sufficient amount of salaries as money represents the main incentive. Financial rewards have the capability to motivate someone towards higher performance (Tracy, 2013). Therefore, pay has an important significance to put a perfect impact upon the employees, but it is found that only money or financial aspect can't make an organization better as the employees in this case always look for financial satisfaction, and this is a harmful aspect of any organization. According to Whitley pay doesn't boost productivity in the long term and money doesn't improve productivity significantly. However there are other factors of motivation like rewards, performance feedback, and social recognition is there which are positive enough to an organization (Tracy, 2013). Depending on numerous researchers it is proved that reward is one of the key motivational factors which increase the effectiveness of an organization A fair number of companies uses to pay, bonuses and promotions kinds of reward to motivate the employees and increases their effectiveness. Overall to make the employees trust the leader and complete the given task properly for the organization the employees should be motivated properly according to Baldoni. The company, Lion Pvt. Ltd. are therefore given the advice of following the policy of providing a reward to the employees which can increase the individual performance of the employees as well as the organization. Moreover job satisfaction is the main factor of motivation as far as the personal issues of an employee is concerned (Whiteley, 2002). This is a state of emotional happiness mainly the results from the achievement of the target that one employee gets through performing his particular part of contribution inside the particu lar organization. Job satisfaction actually refers to the fact of an employees general attitude towards his/her individual performance. It is to be notified that if the employee gets satisfied by his or her personal performance then the job satisfaction level will increase big time in his/her mind. Job satisfaction also helps to rebuild the confidence of the employees which helps them to create a good impression about the organization in their mind. It is also discussed that individuals who express high satisfaction in their particular job are likely to be more innovative which helps them to be productive is well. The job environment and factors which are associated with the job can be categorized initially. These also include that how the employees are treated, relations with the other people of the organization, the actual nature of job which is provided. These are the matters of concern in case of discussing the factors of motivation (Whiteley, 2002). Summary There are many cases of motivation are described here. The process of motivating an employee is described in four different parts, first of all, the activity by which an employee's performance will be developed is mentioned in the different aspect. Lion Pvt. Ltd. must be aware of the fact that the employees of that company must be developed well enough to handle any situation. Secondly, the attitude and behavior have to be maintained properly to achieve the success of the organization. Then there are two theories to be followed, the second theory of those are proved to be useful for the mentioned company. Last but not the least the main factor of the motivation is a reward, where money plays an efficient role, as far as the employees are concerned. However, rewarding money can't be the only factor of motivation as it can deteriorate employees' attitude. The other factors like performance feedback, social recognition are useful enough. Lastly, it can be said that a good motivational e xample can raise an organizational impact in the market, and it also helps the employees to increase their individual skills and improve their capability for the work. If one wish to lead the organization to the highest level of success, he/she needs to set the best platform for the employees to work on. In another term they have to act like a family to achieve any particular goal. By following all the above mentioned points thoroughly one can put a good impact in this competitive and increasing market through his/her organization. Reference Braksick, L. (2000).Unlock behavior, unleash profits. New York: McGraw-Hill. Elias, S. (2012).Deviant and criminal behavior in the workplace. New York: New York University Press. Exploring the Concept of Focus in Reversal Theory. (2015).JMEP, 4. Falcone, P. (2009).101 tough conversations to have with employees. New York: AMACOM. Glaser, T. and Walther, E. (2013). Two in one conditioning? The role of valence in concept learning.Learning and Motivation, 44(3), pp.174-183. Gunkel, M. (2006).Country-compatible incentive design. Wiesbaden: Deutscher UniversitaÃÅ'ˆts-Verlag. III, E. and Naquin, S. (2008). New Metrics for Employee Development.Performance Improvement Quarterly, 17(1), pp.56-80. Max, D. and Bacal, R. (2003).Perfect phrases for performance reviews. New York: McGraw-Hill. Natoli, V. (2004). Theory of Employee Survival.Performance Improvement Quarterly, 17(4), pp.80-94. Tracy, B. (2013).Motivation. New York: AMACOM, American Management Association. Whiteley, P. (2002).Motivation. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub.

The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis Essay Eng 112Paper 1In The Yellow Wallpaper, originally published in 1899, CharlotteGilman presents the internal dialogue of a woman diagnosed with hysteriaand for whom total rest has been prescribed. In the short story, thepatient is slowly driven mad by her cure, prescribed by her physicianhusband, and is cut off from any intellectual pursuits whatsoever. Themisdiagnosis of depression and anxiety leads the woman on a downward spiralthat eventually causes her to perceive the yellow wallpaper in her room asa projection of herself.The woman is eventually able to regain self-empowerment by tearing down her barriers, in the form of the wallpaper inher room. We will write a custom essay on The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The narrator initiates the story by describing a beautiful, butprison-like house, run by the protagonists husband that both realisticallyand symbolically confines his wife. The husband keeps his wifeincommodious for two probable reasons. First, the husband was a physicianand despite his good intentions, ignorantly prescribed the worst treatmentimaginable for depression, inactivity. Second, most likely due to societyat the time, the man arrogantly perpetuates an ideological prison thatsubjects and silences his wife. The husband prescribes a remedy for hiswife, a woman, which he would not also recommend for a man. Because thedoctors decision was based on no physiological or proven psychologicaldifference between man and woman, the doctors rational is not merelymedical, but sexist. Society supported the sexist idea that did notbelieve a woman should enjoy creative expression, mental stimulus, oraccess to things that fulfill her.These beliefs influenced the husbandsdecision to confine hi s wife physically which also lead to herpsychologically imprisonment. Further evidence of Johns sexist and psychological ignorance revealsitself when he refers to his wife as little girl and repeatedly coos suchphrases as blessed little goose or bless her little heart when speakingto her. (Gilman 23) These alleged terms of endearment tap into what thefamous psychologist Thomas A. Harris would refer to as, her Not OK child.Harris explains these terms in his book, Im OK Youre OK, based on EricBurnes ideas called Transactional Analysis. Harris explores in depth whathe calls life positions. At some stage early in our lives we adopt aposition about ourselves that very significantly determines how we feelabout ourselves, particularly in relation to other people. Harris usedBernes work as a basis for his own, focused on the internal voices thatspeak to us all the time in the form of archetypal characters: the Parent,the Adult and the Child (the PAC framework). All of us have Parent, Adultor Child data guiding our thoughts and decisions, and Harris believedtha t transactional analysis would free up the Adult, the reasoning voice. The Adult in us prevents a hijack by unthinking obedience (Child), oringrained habit or prejudice (Parent), leaving us a vestige of free will. John clearly hijacks his wifes Child and leaves her dependent andobedient. Johns ignorance of psychology does not enable him to realizethat he is being sexist and harmful to his wife. One can see at the beginning of the book that the woman is not too fargone. Her first impression is of the ugly wallpaper; she has never seen aworse paper in her life (Gilman 18).Almost immediately; however, shebegins to project herself onto the wallpaper, describing the patternslame uncertain curves that suddenly commit suicide-plungeing off atoutrageous angles; destroying themselves in unheard-of contradictions(Gilman 18-19). It is the woman herself who feels lame and uncertain,fears suicide, and fears that she herself will suddenly plunge off at someoutrageous angle; all of which are symptoms of depression. Her self-control is still intact, but like the wallpaper, disturbing patches showthrough. She states she is trying to follow that pointless pattern tosome kind of conclusion (21). Obviously, she is trying to find some sortof pattern and reach some kind of conclusion about her own life. Sheeventually notes that the dim shapes skulking behind the overlayingpattern are getting cle arer; they have begun to resemble a woman, stoopingdown and creeping. The protagonist and the woman in the wallpaper areidentical; the woman in the wallpaper is a projection of herself. At theend, in emulation of the wallpaper woman, she has begun to crawl and creeparound the room in a bizarre re-enactment of the drama in her mind. Thewoman at last rips the wallpaper off the wall, freeing both the wallpaperwoman and herself. After this action, the woman begins to regain self-empowerment and self-control once again. Thomas Harris would explain heraction as forward progress toward achieving her OK or Adult self. .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 , .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .postImageUrl , .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 , .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85:hover , .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85:visited , .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85:active { border:0!important; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85:active , .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85 .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a229443d8be154cf92c249c44e00e85:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lung Cancer Essay SummaryThis story allows the reader to understand the sexist culture of thetime and the struggles a woman had to endure. Mental illnesses such asdepression and anxiety show no distinction between the male and femalebrain. Charlotte Gilman may not have even fully understood the principlesof psychology her story portrays; nevertheless, her story does sopowerfully.

Adults Who Hit Misbehaving Children Young People Essay Essays

Adults Who Hit Misbehaving Children Young People Essay Essays Adults Who Hit Misbehaving Children Young People Essay Essay Adults Who Hit Misbehaving Children Young People Essay Essay Essay Topic: Adults In the twenty-first century, most parents do non hold experience on how to educate their kids and how are they supposed to rectify the incorrect behaviors of their kids. During most parents childhood yearss, they were frequently hit by their parents after they have done the incorrect thing. Since they have grown up being a mulct and successful individual, they thought that this is the right method of educating their kids. On my personal sentiment, I do non believe that such method plants in a sense in the twenty-first century. Furthermore, hitting a kid can take to child maltreatment which is against the jurisprudence. Besides hitting kids for misbehaving, there are still a batch more method to rectify the kids. Parents should seek aid from experts if they have trouble learning their kids alternatively of hitting them. Children are besides worlds, they excessively have their ain emotions. Hiting misconducting kids could go forth long-run effects on the kid, t he long-run effects of hitting misconducting kids are kids might believe that it is all right to decide state of affairss with force, kids will hold anti-social behaviour and they could be emotionally damaged. Among the long-run consequence of hitting misconducting kids are that it teaches kids that the right manner to decide state of affairss is with physical force. After hitting misconducting kids for rather some clip, earlier or subsequently the kids themselves could evidently be seen moving out in force excessively. Worst of, this could go on on yearlings excessively! Children frequently give blowhole to by fliping their playthings all over the topographic point when they get disquieted or angry over something. Children might go ill-mannered to their parents excessively. When these kids grow older, they tend to go aggressive as grownups and move out in ways as condemnable activity. Harmonizing to research, most felons say that they had been invariably hit by their parents during their childhood. Besides that, when these kids get older they might mistreat their partner and kids. After a difficult twenty-four hours at work, they will normally let go of their choler on their partner by cr ushing their partner and mistreating their kids. Besides that, the effects of hitting misconducting kids will do kids to hold anti-social behaviour. Harmonizing to research, kids that are being hit frequently cheat on their test. Children do non mind rip offing on tests for the interest of acquiring better classs. Children will besides be noncompliance at school and traveling against the school regulations. They are ever doing problems at the school by disobeying the school regulations, picking up a battle with other pupils or even vandalising the school s belongings. They do non experience fear when covering with the subject instructor or the principal. On top of that, kids will non experience sorry after misconducting or non acquiring along with instructors. They are ever doing jobs in the schoolroom, non paying attending or disrupting the instructors when the category is ongoing. Finally, hitting misconducting kids will do them to be emotionally damaged. We should cognize that kids are besides worlds, they excessively have feelings. Constantly hitting the kids will destruct the kids s self-pride and doing them to hold no assurance when they are covering with things. Children might besides believe that they are worthless because they are ever making the incorrect things and ever acquiring hit by their parents, they think that they are neer making the right things and felt really ashamed of themselves. Last, kids might go diffident or despondent from others, they dare non to interact and socialise themselves with other people. They could be seen ever avoiding to hold contact with aliens doing them to hold no friends at all. In decision, hitting misconducting kids is non the right method to educate and rectify kids. This is because kids might believe that the right manner to work out jobs are by utilizing beastly force alternatively of utilizing their encephalon to analyse what the job is and work out it in the smart manner. Children could besides go unsociable as when they are at place, they are already being hit by their parents for their incorrect doing them to believe that the outside universe could be much worse. It besides causes kids to be unprompted, they do non hold a stable emotion. Therefore, parents should seek advice from experts as how to learn their kids to act themselves.

Critically appraising the superman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critically appraising the superman - Essay Example A different kind of hero, however, is also frequently found in the comic books, graphic novels, and silver screens of the world-the "not-so-super hero." Some heroes, such as DC Comics' Batman, have no super powers at all. Rather, they combat injustice and fight on in the war against crime by more conventional means. Batman, for instance, is a well-trained fighter whose powers are derived from his unwillingness to give up, his uncommon, but not impossible, physical capabilities, and his commitment to righting the wrongs that cost him his own parents. Heroes such as Batman are just as alluring for the avid comic book reader, the graphic novel enthusiast, and the average dreamer because his success in crime fighting, his superheroism, in fact, is absolutely attainable. This hint of reality and touch of hope has put millions upon millions of children and adults squarely in Batman's corner as he persists against the injustices in Gotham City to protect the innocent. Two specific graphic novels, both released by DC Comics, present both the super and non-super version of comic book heroes for the enjoyment of fans everywhere. The first graphic novel, Moore and Gibbons' Watchmen (1995), is a collection of comic books about a world on the edge of nuclear warfare, where superheroes have ceased to enjoy the public support of the past. In fact, in this story, superheroes are distrusted and dismissed as untrustworthy, especially since it is difficult to keep them in check and watch for suspicious behavior among them. As such, the heroes in the book, who are notably without real superpowers-Dr. Manhattan is an exception to this rule-find themselves distrusted and practically underground since public sentiment removes them so far from their favor. This graphic novel masterfully exposes the human aspects of the superheroes, including their struggles with the same issues grappled with by the average human being. Public distrust of the heroes is magnified with graffiti written on the walls throughout the book posing the question "who watches the watchmen" (Hughes 546). It is important to point out that, in The Watchmen, thought bubbles were not used at all, leaving only an objective perspective for the reader and eliminating the thought bubble clarification style that is so common in comic books. While this is more widely used today, this piece was seminal in its use of such a technique. All the superheroes in this story experience real-world problems throughout the unfolding of the plot, and several are captured, even succumbing to psychiatric testing. As the doomsday clock continues to tick toward the end, the heroes' ability to tap into the ordinary in the realist piece of comic history sets the story apart from so many of the average superhero comics and graphic novels that are available for readers to devour. The other graphic novel for consideration, Wade and Ross' Kingdom Come (1997), involves a surprising similar set of themes as those found in Moore and Gibbons' work. Like The Watchmen, this graphic novel deals with a situation in which many people believe the Apocalypse is imminent. The story is full of a new type of superhero. These superheroes are younger, less moral, and more willing to do whatever is necessary to

Quantitative Analysis of Cinematic Statistics Research Paper

Quantitative Analysis of Cinematic Statistics - Research Paper Example Table 1, Appendices A shows total numerical values used for this analysis. The related trend between cinemas and screens as shown in Chart 1 Appendices A is that the number of screens increased over time in correlation with the number of cinema sites; however, as cinema sites tapered off, screens maintained a slight increase. The index number inferences, shown in Index A and B, Appendices A, describe a relative increase for screens of 5.5 percent in 2004 based on 1994, but only 0.3 percent for cinemas. Admissions revenue based on 1994 delivered a price relative average increase of 3.8%, and based on 1999 the price relative was only 2.8% as related in Index C, Appendices A. Furthermore, Chart 2 Appendices A describes the relative increase of admission revenue which can be correlated to the amount of screen increase per cinema. This infers that the more screens per cinema, the higher revenue increase. This is a good indicator for management staff that more revenue is generated the higher the concentration of screens, and for the customers this allows more mo vie options in a singular location, further increasing admissions revenue. Chart 3 Appendices A shows the sharp increase of admission revenue as cinemas increase, which induces the trend of a positive relationship. Using the linear regression equation y = 5.6951x - 3722.7, it can be derived that there is a trend of increase in admission revenue in relationship to cinemas sites. The correlation coefficient equals 0.877, which is a high value which infers a positive relationship between increase in admission revenue and cinema sites. The forecasted admission value for 2005 is 780.6082 m provided that 772 cinemas are built. Admissions and Cinema Screens Chart 4 Appendices A demonstrates a dramatic slope accession of admissions revenue as screens increase/ Linear equation Linear equation y = 7.3519x - 502.72 trends at a higher correlation between admission revenue and screens that noted in admissions and sites, the correlation coefficient with screens is 0.98486, intuitive of an impressive positive growth relationship between these factors. The forecast for admissions in relationship to screens in 2005 would be 25229.1m, provided that 3500 screens are built and the market can support that amount of cinematic screens, if 350 screens are built, the 2005 forecast would be 2070.45m, a more plausible plan of action. Gross Box Office (GBO) and Cinema Sites Chart 5 Appendices A plots the relationship between GBO and cinema sites, showing a sharp increase in GBO in relation to the increase in sites. The linear equation y = 0.0361x = 651.7 concludes to this positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.892993 further demonstrates the solid positive increases in GBC as it relates to cinema sites. Forecasting for 2005 with 772 cinema sites-meaning that one cinema is inoperable-would bring a GBO of 3221.81 m, a slight decrease from 2004, but significant of the relationship between the number of cinemas and GBO. Gross Box Office (GBO) and Cinema Screens GBO and cinema screens also have a correlative relationship as visualised in Chart 5 Appendices A. This chart signifies powerful growth as the number of

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (abbreviated as ELISA), is a kind of immunoassay technique to detect the presence of a specific antibody or antigen in the test samples. This method principally make use of both immunological reaction (the antibody-antigen reaction) to detect the present of specific antibody or antigen) and biochemical reaction (the enzyme substrate reaction) to produce a visible signal for both qualitative and quantitative measurement. The ELISA method used in this experiment is an example of indirect ELISA method. The ELISA plate wells are coated with optimized concentration of antigens before hand by means of charge interaction or with the help of a spacer coating (eg. L-lysine). Then the plate wells are washed with buffer solution, and a blocking step is preformed by adding bovine serum albumin or casein, to block any uncoated space in the well before using to detect antibodies in sample serum. Then the sample serum is added to detect the present of specific antibody, the antibodies will bind to the antigens in the well (in this experiment is the anti-DNA antibody). Then a secondary antibody (usually raised from a species against the antibody of the sample) with enzyme-linked (called conjugate) was added to bind. The enzyme used may be Alkaline phosphate or Horseradish peroxidase (in this experiment is Alkaline phosphate); this also serve as signal amplification step as the enzymes conjugate chose used usually have more than one binding sites for the substrate added subsequently. Then a substrate is added for the enzyme to produce a color reaction (in this experiment is the PNPP which produce a yellow color) to indicate the present of the specific antibody in the sample. The higher the concentration of the antibody in the test sample, the stronger the color developed. We can use a spectrometer (an ELISA reader in this experiment) to measure the color quantitatively instead of using our eye, which is more objective and accurate. Washing with buffer (usually a mild detergent) is applied between steps to remove unbind antibodies to avoid non-specific binding of antibodies. Usually positive and negative controls will be paralleled run with the test sample to validate the result. The cut-off point between a positive or negative result is usually determined statistically with known standards. In additions, with a serial dilution of a known standard (known concentration of the specific antibody want to detect in the test), we can also find the amount of the specific antibody in the test sample from the graph of absorbance against concentration of the known standard. Thus, the ELISA method can produce both qualitative and quantitative result in detecting the specific antibody in test sample. ELISA is a relatively high sensitive and specific test for detecting serum protein, the presence of specific antibody or antigen; and also considers as a high-throughput immunoassay. The use of ELISA also includes hormones and infectious antigens (including virus and bacteria). The most common example is detecting HIV in patient samples. In addition, it has the advantage of using non-radioactive substances, is safer than those radio-immunoassays. Other ELISA methods: Sandwich ELISA (or direct ELISA) is used to detect antigen in sample serum, is less-common. With known quantity of capture antibodies coated to the well, the antigens in the sample will bind to the antibodies to form complex. Then enzyme-linked primary antibodies will be applied to detect the present of the antigens. Competition ELISA is a different method from the indirect and sandwich ELISA, in which the kit contains enzyme-linked antigen rather than enzyme-linked antibody. The labeled antigen will compete with the antigen in the sample for the antibody binding sites in the well. Thus, more antigens in the sample will give weaker signal as less labeled antigen can bind to the antibody binding sites in the well. The advantage of this method is can be used to detect antigen in impure samples. Reverse ELISA is a new technology using immunosorbent polystyrene rod with protruding ogives. This ogives will dipped into the sample, thus a higher sample volume can be used to improve the sensitivity. Moreover, the ogives can be sensitized with different reagent to detect different antibodies or antigens simultaneously for multi-target assays.