Why Does South Africa Have Three Capital Cities

The Republic of South Africa does not have a single capital city. Instead, it is one of a few countries in the world that divides its governmental powers among three of its major cities: Pretoria, Cape Town, and Bloemfontein. The Many Capitals of South Africa South Africas three capital cities are  strategically placed throughout the country, each hosting a separate segment of the nations government.  When asked about a single capital, most people would point to Pretoria. Pretoria is the administrative capital. It is home to the executive branch of the South African government, including the President of the Cabinet. The city also hosts many departments of government and foreign embassies.Located in the province of Gauteng, Pretoria is in the northeast part of South Africa and near the city of Johannesburg.Cape Town is the legislative capital.  It is home to the countrys legislative parliament, including the National Assembly and National Council of Provinces.Located in the southwest corner of South Africa in the province of Western Cape, Cape Town is the second largest city in population.Bloemfontein is considered the judicial  capital. It is home to the Supreme Court of Appeal, the second highest court in South Africa. The Constitutional Court (the highest court)  is located in Johannesburg.Located in the province of Free State, Bloemfontein is in the center of South Africa.   In addition to these three capitals on the national level, the country is divided into nine provinces, each with their own capital city. Eastern Cape: capital BhishoFree State: BloemfonteinGauteng: JohannesburgKwaZulu-Natal: PietermaritzburgLimpopo - PolokwaneMpumalanga: NelspruitNorthern Cape: KimberleyNorth West: Mahikeng (formerly Mafeking)Western Cape: Cape Town Map of South Africa. pop_jop/Getty Images When looking at a map of the country, you will also notice Lesotho in the middle of South Africa. This is not a province, but an independent country formally called the Kingdom of Lesotho. It is often referred to as an enclave of South Africa because it is surrounded by the larger nation. Why Does South Africa Have Three Capitals? The reason South Africa has three capitals is in part the result of its political and cultural struggles as a result of the influence of Victorian-era colonialism. Apartheid—an extreme version of segregation—is only one of the many issues the country faced since the 20th century. In 1910, when the Union of South Africa was formed, there was a  great dispute about the location of the new countrys capital city. A compromise was reached to spread a balance of power throughout the country and this led to the current capital cities. There is a  logic behind choosing these three cities: Both Bloemfontein and Pretoria were capital cities of one of the traditional Boer provinces prior to the Union of South Africa. Bloemfontein was the capital of the Orange Free State (now Free State) and Pretoria was the capital of Transvaal. There were four traditional provinces in total; Natal and Cape of Good Hope were the other two.Bloemfontein is located in the center of South Africa, so it is logical to place the judicial branch of government in this location.Pretoria had long been the home to foreign embassies and governmental departments. Its location near the countrys largest city of Johannesburg also makes it a convenient location.Cape Town had been host to a parliament since colonial days. Sources and Further Reading Clark, Nancy L. and William H. Worger. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid. London: Routledge, 2011.  Ross, Robert. A Concise History of South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

The Civil War Essay - 947 Words

Katherine Cardenas Thomas Meade November 8, y Second Inaugural Address In Comparison to Emily Dickinson’s Success Is Counted Sweetest Both The Second Inaugural Address and Success is Counted Sweetest were referenced about the Civil War. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address took Socrate’s rhetorical approach in that Lincoln tried to influence the souls of his audience. Dickinson’s Success is Counted Sweetest was less direct to her audience but nonetheless conveyed her message go triumph being more significant to he who failed rather than to he who attained victory. The Civil War, according to Lincoln, was God’s will for punishment against the slavery committed. Lincoln speaks heavily about religion and his certainty that God brought†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.† Towards the end of the speech, Late President Lincoln uses oxymorons indicating how the whole premise as to why we went to war was resolved before the war itself even ended. The arrangement and appeal of the choice of words was highly premeditated to reach the desired outcome; reaching to the souls of the people. On the same token, Lincoln pointed out that both sides looked for the easy route to the victory, both parties read the same Bible, and prayed to the very same God, and both asked God to help them in triumphing over the other. Here is where Lincoln brings in the argument: â€Å"If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him?† He challenged his people by forcing them to silently look within themselves in order to reflect on how true and synonymous they were without being outrageous. Be that as it may, DickinsonShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Civil War921 Words   |  4 PagesThere are no doubts that acts of war can have a negative impact on the individuals involved. There are countless stories of the soldiers’ experiences in the war, and how it affected their lives, families, and attitudes. 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Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 without a single vote from the states below the Ohio River. South Carolina was the first state to respond to Li ncoln’s election. On December 20, 1680, South Carolina seceded from the Union. South Carolina was the first of the â€Å"Original Seven† who seceded from the Union, including Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. This became known as â€Å"secessionRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe civil war is by far the bloodiest war in American history. In the four deadly years of war, over six-hundred thousand Americans were killed. Many disputes that led to the civil war. These conflicts started under President James Buchanan who was a Democrat elected in the election of 1856. The issue of slavery, states’ rights, the abolitionist movement, the Southern secession, the raid on Harper’s Ferry, the election of Abraham Lincoln all contributed to the start of the civil war. The civil warRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1284 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 30 January 2015 The Civil War There are many facts most people generally do not know about the Civil War, so much research is needed to improve one’s knowledge about the Civil War. Authors such as: Robert G. Lambert, Rustle B. Olwell, and Kay A. Chick were all helpful in this research. Many people think that everyone on the Union side of the war believed that blacks should be equal to whites. Most people also think that everyone on the Confederate side of the war believed in slavery. SomeRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe story of this outlaw originated during the Civil War years, April 12,1861-May 9, 1865. The War were the rich sat and watched, while the poor died. A War that wanted to keep black people as slaves permanently by the South (Confederates). Newton Knight quickly grew unhappy with the situation that the people of Jones County, where he was originally from were in. He also did not approved of slavery at all. Newt was the Outlaw who freed Jones County s people, whites and blacks alike when they mostRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War is by far the bloodiest war in American history. In the four deadly years of war, over six-hundred thousand Americans were killed. Many disputes that led to the civil war. These conflicts started even before the presidency of James Buchanan, who was a Democrat elected in the election of 1856. The issue of slavery, states’ rights, the abolitionist movement, the Southern secession, the raid on Harper’s Ferry, the election of Abraham Lincoln all contributed to the start of the Civil War

Canada And Third World Countries Essay Example For Students

Canada And Third World Countries Essay What are some of the major problems faced by Third World Countriestoday? Who should be held responsible for these problems? Why? What hasCanada done to help Third World Countries?There has always been a dominant country in the world that sets theeconomic standard throughout powerful countries. Canada has always been atop rated economic country, usually behind the United States and otherlarge Commonwealth countries. Starting back in the early to mid 60s,Prime Minister of Canada, Pierre Trudeau decided to use Canadian revenue asforeign aid. These included Third World. Some of the major problems faced by Third World countries todayinclude poor towns which have had a lack of food sources due to the seriouspoverty, lack of clean drinking water, lack of good sanitation systems,lack of good living conditions, lack of jobs and there is no industry,therefore no import or export revenue. The governments of the Third Worldcountries have done horrible jobs of creating good living conditions fortheir people and in all have not tried to bring their country out of theireconomic slump. As Canada entered it second century, Prime Minister Trudeau called fora complete review of Canadas foreign policy. Starting in 1968 interestedCanadians including politicians, journalists, professors, business leaders,financial experts, as well as church and labour leaders were invited tooffer opinions and advice in what was called the Trudeau Review. Theending of this meeting brought about six foreign policy booklets whichoutlined the benefits of Canadian foreign aid. Some of these benefitsincluded to help the Canadian economy grow stronger, to keep Canadaindependent, to work for peace and security, to promote fairness andequality for everyone and to improve living conditions for all peoplethroughout the world. The Canadian foreign policy review suggested that Canada strengthenedits ties with Latin America. Trudeau visited Mexico, Cuba and Venezuelain 1976. Canadas trade with Latin America increased from $1099 million in1970 to $3418 million in 1976. Also Canada gave an increasing amount ofdevelopment funds to a number of Latin American countries. Canada, in 1973 had a major concern about the middle east and made aneffort to bring about a lasting peace to the Arab-Israeli conflict. 1050Canadian military specialists became part of the United Nations emergencyforce where they tried to maintain a cease fire by providing supplies,transportation and communication during the 1973 peacekeeping role. The Trudeau foreign policy review recommended that Canada was to workhard to support the United Nations and make it an effective organizationfor international co-operation. Canada contributed heavily, and still doesso, to all the U.N organizations that are striving to help poor nations andare working toward the disarmament of nuclear weapons and human rights. Canada contributed the ninth largest share of the regular annual budget tothe United Nations. Another issue that faced Canada was the fact that Chinas membershipin the United Nations brought Canada into conflict with some other U.Nmembers, especially the United States. Since 1966 Canada had said that itwas becoming increasingly more important that China be represented at theU.N. At the time, the U.N only recognized the former government of Chinawhich was established on the island of Taiwan. The Canadian government prides itself on sending foreign aid todeveloping countries. In the 1970s there was an estimated 4.2 billionpeople on the earth, more then 2.5 billion of them were starving. It wasalso estimated that by the year 2000 the starving population could double. .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 , .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .postImageUrl , .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 , .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108:hover , .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108:visited , .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108:active { border:0!important; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108:active , .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108 .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u70077bac38f813e73fd717da71ddd108:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Acid Rain (3433 words) EssayCanada tried very hard to provide these needy Third World countries withthe best possible aid. Without the help of Canada as well as other First World countriessuch as the United States and Australia the Third World countries wouldnot be around for this long and would have absolutely no hope of survival.

The World of Late Antiquity Essay Sample free essay sample

Bing familiar to the Carolingian literature. we know that Louis’ coevalss were giving give high congratulations to the Louis’ personality. Such respectful attitude barely can be explained due to Louis’ royal manner and rubrics entirely. Many historiographers explored the life of Louis. every bit good as two chroniclers wrote about Louis’ life and workss. What is the account to such lively involvement to Louis’ life? We will research one of these histories ( viz. . Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious ) in order to reply the inquiry. Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious is the most important beginning. written non in a traditional mode of the earlier historiographers. but as a history of workss. By and large talking. the point at issue is why did Thegan compose his work? Up to this point. historiography has no extended and elaborate research to be anyplace nigh dedicated to Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious. We will write a custom essay sample on The World of Late Antiquity Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Short features of Thegan’s work can be found in some generalised historic researches dedicated to the issues of mediaeval literature. every bit good as several plants of a general character. However. all of them are in general understanding that Thegan wrote his work under the influence of the ancient Frankish political system. We can come to conclusion that Thegan. who was the fervent protagonist of Louis I and his policy. tried to warrant the king’s contradictory actions on governmental chases and to reprobate Louis‘ enemies ( first and first Lothar’s protagonists ) . Some historiographers examined Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious in the capacity of a encomium to Louis that has no relation to world. whereas some of them examined it as a secular political life. or a clerical history. There was an sentiment that Thegan followed his ain personal motivations while composing the history. because. harmonizing to this sentiment. Thegan wrote an ‘answer’ to those. who fought against chorepiscopals. and. by a lucky opportunity. became the emperor’s enemy. Such disagreement in positions and sentiments. sometimes wholly opposite to each other. can be besides explained by the fact that the writers had no purpose to finish a elaborate scrutiny of Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious. but were limited to the extrinsic features of the most generalised extracts of the content. In this paper we’ll seek to make full this spread so far as is operable. What concerns Thegan’s personality. there is obviously a deficiency of information refering his life. All that is certain is that his name was Thegan ( besides known as Degen and Theganbert ) . and he was a chronicler and a German Catholic archpriest. who died about 850 a. d. In contrast to his confounding life. the day of the month of his work can be established rather easy. The writer tells about the epidemic of pestilence that occurred in Lothar’s ground forces in the fall of 836 a. vitamin D. At the same clip. Thegan mentions neither the Louis the German’s rebellion of 838 a. d. nor about the Adalung’s decease ( the archimandrite of St. Vaast’s. who died in August 24. 837 a. d. ) . Besides. Thegan does reference of the deceases of other people. non merely the enemies. but the emperor’s friends every bit good ( for illustration. the count of Toulouse Berengar. called the Wise ) . Therefore. his history should be written about between fall 836 a. d. and summer 837 a. d. ( the latest in winter 837/838 a. d. ) . Despite the celerity. even the hastiness in the chronicle’s creative activity. Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious appears as an built-in and complete history. At the same clip. Thegan obviously had no clip plenty to roll up the necessary informations. every bit far as his purpose to compose a history appeared. in all likeliness. merely after the Louis’ Restoration and his enthronement in 835 a. d. As far as the events of 833 a. d. are the cardinal construct of the history. we can come to conclusion that these events gave a strong drift to creative activity of Life of Louis the Pious. We can besides hold with Tramp’s sentiment that the failure on the celebrated Field of Lies had great impact on Thegan and drove him onto the province of a serious contemplation ; nevertheless. Thegan started composing his history already being cognizant of the fact that his hero managed to happen a manner out. What is at issue is the dependability of Thegan’s beginnings. Thegan is non a historiographer. He writes no history of another reign or events during the reign of another male monarch. conscientiously roll uping dependable informations. He writes no life that implies the action of the chief hero in difficult and fast regulations or in a purely defined information field. The German Catholic archpriest presents his highly personal reading of events. formulates a certain construct that has about no resemblance to the world. Probably. due to this fact Thegan uses no official annals or records ; Thegan’s reading of the major portion of historical events is more extended and elaborate. Already in the first chapter the writer references legion histories of events and narratives told by the ascendants and male parents. his history was based on. Who were these voluntary or nonvoluntary sources? The nature of them can merely be inferred. since it has non been told straight. Probably. the information beginnings were his close friends. or the people. he communicated with ( for illustration. the archimandrite Adalung. abbot Markward. etc ) . However. Thegan’s disregard of written texts is apparent due to the deficiency of analogues in bing literary and historical plants of his times. Some research workers consider that Thegan drew information for his 19th chapter from Einhard’s Vita Karoli. Yet. although we can catch a similitude between these two plants. it is besides barely likely to happen. The opportunities are better than even that both Einhard and Thegan drew information from one beginning – stereotyped positions about the male monarch. his visual aspect. and physical. moral and rational virtuousnesss. However. even in instance Thegan borrowed some information from Einhard. he modified it significantly. Originally Thegan wrote a uninterrupted text with no chapters ( Lafort 1281 ) . The chapters appeared in IX. when Strab decided to split the text into chapters in order to do the reading easier. In his preface Strab noted that the work was written in the mode of annals ( hoc opusculum in morem annalium ) . However. its construction seems to be more complex. First of all. the construction of annals implies maximal grading of the author’s personality. Annalss imply instead the choice of facts and the alliance of speech patterns. than the judgements and sentiments. all the more emotional and gauging. Annalss. which contain numbering of events worthwhile adverting about. can be called an endless procedure. Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious is. on contrary. the built-in history. Furthermore. the reader can detect a work of writing. Thegan obviously wanted to propose a certain thought. and the mode of history merely corresponded to his undertaking. Louis I is the chief character of Thegan’s Life of Louis the Pious. Louis‘ personality is a portion and package of Louis’ actions ; his personality reveals itself through his actions and workss. Furthermore. the really scruples of a mediaeval individual was unable to grok nether personality. nor history with no actions and workss. So. the first and the 2nd chapters present genealogical trees of Louis’ parents. the emperor Charlemagne and his 2nd married woman Hildegard. correspondingly. The 3rd chapter contains contemplations about a moral high quality of the younger boies. It is the of import component for Thegan’s subsequent conceptual decisions. Further the writer describes Louis’ matrimony. the birth of his kids and the decease of his brothers ( chapters 4 and 5 ) . The 6th chapter contains a elaborate description of Louis’ enthronement and his father’s subsequent disease followed by decease. The events are up to 835 a. vitamin D. Probably. merely to make full the infinite. Thegan places a figure of axioms. exhortation. warnings and concluding cementing the facts and doing the history the comprehensive whole. The 19th chapter contains the elaborate features of physical and moral qualities of Louis’ character. Chapters 20 and 50 present an acute polemical onslaught on the assignment of people belonging to take down categories at the taking places both in layman and ecclesiastical hierarchies. It seems. Thegan tries to show the dangers of such pattern. every bit good as its damaging effects for the land and full thickly settled christianus. Thegan entreaties to Louis and asks him to decline from this malicious pattern. and. even reason his address with the word â€Å"Amen† . Chapter 44 is organically next to the old chapters. every bit far as it tells the reader non so much about the test. as a heavy rebuke to His Grace the Archbishop Ebo of Rheims and Willeric. Thegan explains Ebo’s treachery and moral oversight by his Servile beginning. Finally. Thegan uses an undistinguished event ( the father’s effort to do peace with Lothar ) as a perfect chance to discourse the necessity to handle parents with regard and differentiation. We can come to an interesting decision – the elaborate and extended history of events every bit good as history of Louis’ life is non an terminal in itself. Thegan seems to be interested non in the historical facts on their ain history. but in the capacity of the manner to uncover and analyze a certain thought. Yet. it is of import to acknowledge that the topographic points from his history. where the facts are confirmed by other historic beginnings. Thegan is highly accurate. In Louis’ portraiture Thegan reflected some prevailing point of views of his times. For illustration. he mentions that when Louis became a male monarch. he shared between the priests and the poorest ( Thegan places them in one semantic line ) . aliens. widows and orphans all his father’s heritage ( â€Å"Deinde sacerdotes honorare ut patres. populum diligere ut filios. superbos et nequissimos homines in viam salutis coactos dirigere. coenobiorum consolator fuisset et pauperum pater† ( Thegani. Chapter 6 ) ) ; Louis takes attention of the Holy Church. corrects all errors. shouting maltreatment and opprobrious Acts of the Apostless made by the unfair functionaries. counts and trustees in relation to â€Å"pauperers† ( ) ( e. g. to all those people who are unable to protect themselves ) . To set it otherwise. Louis embodies the ideal of the governor. Louis comes up to take the topographic point of the king-worrier ( Charlemagne ) in the capacity of the king- conciliator. â€Å"rex pacificus† . He makes wholly different determinations and attempts non to suppress but to retain the things already achieved. In Thegan’s reading the emperor tries to maintain the permanent peace. He reveals the secret plans of his enemies and Acts of the Apostless as an supreme authority in struggle between the pope and Romans. He proclaims the ideals of Christianity. Surely. he wages wars. nevertheless. these wars go together with the thoughts of peace. every bit far as Louis wages wars against the heathens and Satan’s retainers ; the wars have non so much pragmatic ( the conquering of new districts ) as sanctum. and hence a merely character. because they. above all. are conductive to the spread of Christianity. Thegan’s history of events is by no agencies accurate. He doesn’t delve into every item ; nevertheless. it is really of import to understand that for Thegan. the elaborate history of events is non an terminal in itself. He portrays an ideal male monarch. who strives for peace and defends the Holy Church and pauperers as a keeper of a secular blade – both in legal. administrative and military significance. in the finest sense of the word. Plants Cited Thegan.Gesta Hludowici imperatoris. MGH SS rer. Germ. in u. s. 64: Hanover. 1995 Lafort. Remy.The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1912.